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　　The ultralight motorglider "Piuma" was born in 1989 because the designer and builder was looking for a safe ULM motorglider, easy to build and to pilot, whose fly and comfort peculiarities were better than the "fabric and tube" ULM available in that moment on the market.该超轻motorglider “ piuma ”出生于1989年，因为设计师和建设者正在寻找一个安全的乌尔姆motorglider ，容易建立和试验，其飞和舒适的特殊性，均优于“织物和管”乌尔姆可在那一刻就市场。
　　

　　The designer (technician and aircraft motorglider models builder for than of 20 years) built the little "Wing Ding II" Howey biplane and flew with it from plans, but the poor characteristics didn't satisfy him.设计师（技术员和飞机motorglider模型建设者，比20年）兴建的小“永鼎”二howey双平面飞行，与从计划，但穷人的特点并没有满足他。
　　The Original Piuma started to fly in 1990 and its prototype flies about twince at month.原piuma开始飞在1990年和其原型苍蝇twince在约一个月。 The project is changed in many particulars and the plans are modified to insert a lot of improvement; since 2003 the Original Piuma plans also allow the construction of the steering front gear.该项目是改变在许多细节并计划修改，以插入一个很大的改进;自2003年以来，原piuma计划也允许建设的督导前线齿轮。 Others Piuma one seat versions are available, with better performances: Evolution Piuma (a little faster and more suitable for soaring, with a best glide ratio of 20) and Tourer Piuma (it's the faster version for tourism, normal cruise 84 mph).其他piuma一个席位版本的情况下，与较好的性能： 演化piuma （一小更快和更适合飙升，一个最好的滑翔比20 ）和旅行车piuma （它的更快版本为旅游，正常巡航八四英里每小时） 。
　　A lot of motorgliders are in construction and about ten of these (in December 2002) are flying (see the builders gallery); the italian CAP (EAA chapter n. 459) gave two prizes for the best ultralight project and the best achivement during the Carpi meeting of 1997 and 1999 (prize "Giancarlo Maestri" and "Caproni Cup").很多motorgliders是在建设和大约10对这些（在2002年12月）飞（见建设者画廊） ;意大利的上限（地产代理监管局章12月31日459 ）了两个奖项的最佳超轻项目和最好的业绩在腕会议1997年和1999年（奖“吉安卡罗马埃斯特里”和“卡普罗尼杯” ） 。
　　 Since 1999 a side by side Twin Piuma is also available; it is possible to build four versions from the plans:自1999年以来，一并排双piuma还有，这是不可能建立四种版本从计划：
　　Touring Version : 12,5 mt (41 feet) wings 旅游版本 ： 12,5吨（ 41英尺）的翅膀
　　Soaring Version : 13,8 mt (45 feet) wings 飙升版本 ： 13,8吨（ 45英尺）的翅膀
　　APS Version (Author Personal Size): 13,0 mt (42' 6" feet) wings - with the fuselage 2 cm (3/4") less wide and more tapering in the aft zone. 旱厕版本 （作者个人的大小） ： 13,0吨（ 42 ' 6 “英尺）的翅膀-与机身二厘米（ 3 / 4 ” ）少和更广泛的放缓，在尾部区。
　　2007 Version : wings with exchangeable ending parts and other changes 2007年版本 ：翅膀与可交换结束零件及其他变动
　　It is also possible to build two more strong versions of the one seat Piuma, for heavier pilots:它也有可能为朝鲜建设两座更强大的版本的一个席位piuma ，较重的飞行员：
　　Rotax 447 Evolution Piuma (max take-off weight 660 lbs) rotax 447演变piuma （最大值采取起飞重量660磅）
　　Rotax 447 Tourer Piuma (max take-off weight 660 lbs) rotax 447旅行车piuma （最大值采取起飞重量六六〇磅）
　　Neither completed motorgliders or kits are available; plans are sold just in order to finance the costruction of the next different motorglider; a construction book is enclosed with the plans and helps the construction steb by step.既没有完成motorgliders或包可;计划出售只是在为了资助施工的未来不同的motorglider ;建筑图书是封闭与计划，并帮助建设steb一步。
　　All the "Piuma" versions are planned in accordance with the aeronautical standard and, for both the one seat Piuma and the Piuma Twin, the "project books" are available (only in italian, at the moment).所有“ piuma ”版本计划在按照航空标准，并为双方一席piuma和piuma双， “项目书” ，可供（仅在意大利，目前） 。 Every "project book" is composed of three parts:每一个“项目书”组成，由三部分组成：
　　The motivations of the choices about the shapes (wings, fin, rudder and elevators, fuselage with the rear engine mounting, etc.) with a lot of draws showing the fuselage, wings, tail, etc.动机的选择，对于形状（翅膀，鳍，舵和电梯，机身与后方引擎支撑架等） ，与很多提请显示机身，机翼，尾翼等。
　　Structural calculations.结构计算。
　　Characteristics of fly, wing and total drag, wing lift, efficiency, Vx, Vy, VNE, Vstall, etc.特点飞，机翼和总阻力，机翼电梯，效率， VX毒剂， vy ， vne ， vstall等。
　　This "project book" is not necessary for the normal builder, but it is very important for who wants to know the project better.这种“项目书”是没有必要的正常建设者，但它是非常重要的谁想知道该项目更好。
　　At the moment (January 2007) the original Piuma is still working and flying almost every week.目前（ 2007年1月）原piuma仍是工作和飞行差不多每个星期。
　　

　　

　　Some details must be realized with the lathe and the cutter, but almost the entire construction may be built without special tools; it is very easy and the planner completed the original Piuma after 18 months of work, in the 2 car garages, 7 yards long and 4,4 yards wide.一些细节必须实现与车床和刀具，但几乎整个建筑可能会兴建，无需特别的工具，它是很容易的和规划完成，原来的piuma经过18个月的工作，在 2车车库， 7码长和4,4码宽。
　　The time of construction depends on the builder's meticulousness; normally about 1000 hours are sufficient to complete the work.的时候，建设依赖于Builder的严谨性;通常约1000小时，足以完成工作。
　　

　　The plans are composed of technical drawings of big dimensions (24 x 40 inches) with a lot of particulars.计划组成的技术图纸，大尺寸（ 24 × 40英寸） ，与大量的详情。
　　

　　The wings, fin, rudder and elevators ribs are drawn in 1 to 1 scale; the same scale is used for a lot of wood or aluminium particulars.翅膀，鳍，舵和电梯肋骨，得出在1到1的规模;相同规模是用于大量的木材或铝详情。 The 30 pages of the handbook have 18 paragraphs, that describe the work the step by step and the check list for the pre-fly controls. 30页的手册中有18个段落，描述工作步骤，检查名单前的飞行管制。
　　There is also the complete material note and the addresses of the italian suppliers.也有完整的材料说明和地址，意大利的供应商。 Generally, all the materials can be bought at the Aircraft Spruce & Speciality; in Europe the rear tube is supplied by the designer.一般而言，所有的材料可以购买在飞机云杉＆专业;在欧洲，后方管是由设计师。 About 30 minutes are sufficient to assemble or disassemble the Piuma.约30分钟，足以组装或拆卸piuma 。
　　More detailed information for every Piuma are available on the next pages.更详细的资料，为每piuma可于明年的页面。
　　

　　L'ALIANTE l' aliante
　　Dott. dott 。 Ing.荷兰。 Stelio Frati斯泰利奥frati
　　CALCOLI DI STRUTTURE AERONAUTICHE calcoli邸strutture aeronautiche
　　Dott. dott 。 Ing.荷兰。 Michelangelo Flaccavento米开朗基罗flaccavento
　　COSTRUZIONI AERONAUTICHE costruzioni aeronautiche
　　Dott. dott 。 Ing.荷兰。 Mario Ribaldone马里奥里巴尔多内
　　AERODINAMICA PRATICA aerodinamica pratica
　　Dott. dott 。 Ing.荷兰。 Michelangelo Flaccavento米开朗基罗flaccavento
　　PRONTUARIO PER IL CALCOLO DI ELEMENTI STRUTTURALI prontuario ％ ，白细胞介素calcolo邸elementi strutturali
　　Diagio Furioni - Claudio Messina - Leonardo Paolini diagio furioni -克劳迪奥墨西拿-列奥纳多鲍里尼
　　THEORY OF WING SECTIONS 理论永节
　　Ira H. Abbot - Albert E. Von Doenhoff爱尔兰共和军每小时住持-何俊仁e .冯d oenhoff
　　Profili 2 Pro profili二亲
　　Stefano Duranti - great software for wing profiles史蒂法诺duranti -伟大的软件永概况
　　HANDBOOK OF AIRFOIL SECTIONS FOR LIGHT AIRCRAFT 手册的翼型部分轻型飞机
　　MS Rice赖斯女士
　　Some magazines EXPERIMENTER and SPORT AVIATION of the EAA (USA) 一些杂志experimenter和体育航空，地产代理监管局（美国）
　　

　　

　　The Original Piuma is the more quiet version and the more suitable as first construction . 原piuma是较为安静的版本和更适合作为第一建设 。 The steel landing gear, with rubbers shock-absorbers, also allows the beginners hard landing.钢起落架，与橡胶的冲击吸收，也可以让初学者硬着陆。 The 2005 plans allow to build the streering front gear, as it is possible to see from the photos. 2005年计划允许建立streering前线齿轮，因为它是可以看到从照片。 This improvement also allowed to increase the top speed of 5 km/h (3 mph).这方面的改善也可以增加，最高时速5公里/小时（三英里每小时）。
　　

　　

　　ULM single seat motorglider made of fabrics and wood, only the tail pipe in aluminium alloy and propulsive engine.乌尔姆单议席motorglider制成的织物和木材，只有尾管在铝合金和推进引擎。
　　The maximum wing loading is 4,3 lb/sq.ft; this low wing loading allows the motorglider to fly at low stall and landing speeds; this characteristic is a safety in case of the landing out of the normal field.最高翼载荷是4,3磅/坪;这样低的翼载荷使motorglider飞在低档和着陆速度;这个特点是一个安全的情况下着陆出正常的领域。
　　The glide ratio is about 16 - 17 and the minimum sink rate is 200 ft/min.; it is possible to use a little 25 HP engine with very low consumption (1 Imp Gal/h).该滑动比例约为16 -1 7和最低汇率是二○○英尺/分钟。它是可能使用小的2 5马力引擎非常低消费（ 1进出口加尔/小时） 。
　　The stall speed is 30 MPH and the take-off speed is normally 34 MPH, but it is possible also 29 MPH, for the ground effect.该档位的速度是三○英里每小时和采取小康的速度通常是三四英里每小时，但却是可能的，也二九英里每小时，为地面效应。
　　The normal cruising speed is 50 MPH and the VNE is 75 MPH.正常巡航速度是五〇英里每小时和vne是七十五英里每小时。
　　Construction characteristics 建设特色
　　

　　Conventional 3 axis control with air-brakes.传统的3轴控制与空气制动系统。
　　The wings are tapered; the chord at root is 47,2 inches and at tip is 21,6 inches.翅膀是圆锥;弦从根本上是47,2英寸和提示是21.6英寸。 The strut profil is similar to a drop.该支撑档案是类似的下降。
　　The wing profil is the Rhode St. Genese 36, with the 16% thickness; the leading edge is rounded very much and this characteristic permits to have a very sweet stall.永安简介是罗德岛圣genese 36 ， 16 ％的厚度;领先优势是全面的和十分这一特点许可证，有一个非常甜摊档。
　　The landing gear is built with the Cr-Mb steel, with the rubbers shock-absorbers, and it is put very near (but in front of) the barycentre.起落架是建立在与铬- MB的钢铁，与橡胶的冲击吸收，并付诸表决，这是非常接近（但在前面） barycentre 。 The wheels have brakes and fairings.车轮有刹车和fairings 。 The nose whell has no steering and shock-absorber.鼻子whell没有督导和减振器。
　　The little tail wheel and the rudder are steerable at the same time; this special shape unites the advantages of the classic three wheel in tricycle formation take-off and landing and the good ground characteristic of the tail-dragger formation.小尾轮和舵是转向在同一时间内;这个特别的形状团结的优势，经典的3轮的三轮车的形成采取的起飞和着陆和良好的地面特征尾 dragger形成。
　　The shut cockpit also allows you to fly in winter without problems.关闭座舱也可以让您飞在冬季没有任何问题。 The instruments panel is big enough for a complete set of instruments.文书小组是够大，为一套完整的文书。 The fuel-tank can contain more than 4 Imp Gal.该油箱可以包含4个以上的进出口GAL的。 and it is sufficient for 4 fly-hours (or much more of soaring).这是足够的4粉煤灰小时（或更飙升） 。
　　Dimensions & areas, weight & loadings, performances, engine: 尺寸＆地区，重量及载荷，表演，发动机：
　　Wing span 翼展
　　Total wing area 总机翼面积
　　Aspect ratio 长宽比
　　Dihedral 二面体
　　Total tailplane area 机尾总面积
　　Tail arm 尾臂
　　Length overall 总长度
　　Max height 最高高度
　　Empty weight 空重
　　Max take-off weight 采取最大起飞重量
　　Max wing loading 最大翼载荷
　　Recommended load factors 建议负荷的因素
　　Ultimate load factors 极限荷载因素
　　Max level speed 最高水平的速度
　　Normal cruising speed 正常巡航速度
　　Stalling speed 拖延的速度
　　Never exceed speed 不能超过速度
　　Best glide ratio with power off 最好的滑翔比率与断电
　　Take-off 采取小康
　　Landing 登陆
　　Max climb rate at sea level 最大爬升率在海平面
　　Min sink rate (at 36 MPH) 闵汇率（ 36英里）
　　Engine 引擎
　　38.4 ft 38.4英尺
　　125 sq.ft 125平方呎
　　11.2 2月11日
　　3° 3 °
　　17.2 sq.ft 17.2平方呎
　　10.7 ft 十点七英尺
　　19.4 ft 19.4英尺
　　4.6 ft 四点六英尺
　　320 lb 三百二磅
　　518 lb 五一八磅
　　4.14 lb/sq.ft 四点一四磅/坪
　　+ 3.4 -1.2 + 3.4 -1.2
　　+ 6.8 - 2.5 + 6.8 -2 .5
　　59 MPH 五九英里每小时
　　50 MPH 五十零英里每小时
　　30 MPH 三零英里每小时
　　75 MPH 75英里每小时
　　17 17
　　330 ft 三三○英尺
　　330 ft 三三○英尺
　　390 ft/min 390英尺/分钟
　　200 ft/min 二〇 〇英尺/分钟
　　25 HP 25马力
　　

　　

　　

　　

　　

　　

　　The plans have been improved compared with the prototype (that has flown very well since the 1990).该计划得到改善相比，与原型（即飞得很好， 90年代以来） 。
　　They are available, but only in italian, with the handbook (in italian) of 37 pages with 20 photos and some little draws for the explanations.他们是可用，但只在意大利，与手册（在意大利） 37与20的页面照片和一些小提请为解释。
　　Also the tail boom is available: diameter mm 127 - thickness mm 1,5 - lenght m 5,2.也尾部繁荣是：直径127毫米-厚度毫米1 ,5-长度5, 2米。
　　The complete material note is in the handbook (birch plywood, spruce, aluminium, steel, fabric, etc.).完整的材料值得注意的是，在该手册（桦木胶合板，云杉，铝，钢铁，织物等） 。
　　The material cost, without engine and instruments, is about 6000 euro, at the 2007 prices.材料成本，没有引擎和文书，是关于六○○○欧元，在2007年的价格。
　　The time of construction is about 1000 hours.的时间，建设约1000小时。

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　　The new "Piuma Evolution" is different from the Original Piuma in the following modifications:新的“ piuma演变”是不同的从原来的piuma在作以下修改：
　　

　　Fuselage shape: the cockpit is 1 inch more wide. 机身形状：驾驶舱是1英寸更广泛。 The rear side is completely tapered and the lower side is rounded for better attractiveness and aerodynamic.后方的一面，完全是锥形和下侧是四舍五入为更好的吸引力和气动。
　　Wing shape: the chord at root is 43,3 inches (the original is 47,2 inches) and the aspect ratio is 13/1 (original 11,2/1). 机翼形状：弦从根本上是43,3英寸（原来是47,2英寸）和长宽比是13 / 1 （原11,2 / 1 ） 。 Dihedral is 2° instead of 3° and the wing profile changes from 16% into 15%.二面体是2 °而不是3 °和机翼剖面的变化，从16 ％到15 ％ 。 Max thickness.最大厚度。
　　Tail shape: the tail and fin area now are more little and slimmer; the tail is cantilever, with 2 little strut drops. 尾巴形状：尾巴和鳍地区，现在更小，更薄;尾巴是悬臂式， 2小杆下降。 The 8 steel cables used in the Original Piuma were removed. 8钢电缆所用的原piuma被拆除。
　　Wing struts: now the wing struts are more little and they are in aluminium-alloy drops. 永Struts的：现在永安Struts的是更小，他们是在铝的合金下降。
　　

　　Engine: the engine is partially hideden by the wings in the Original Piuma; now it is in the full air and it is possible to use the engine at the full power for more time. 发动机：发动机是部分hideden由翅膀在原来的piuma ;现在是在充分的空气，这是可以使用的引擎在充分的权力更多的时间。
　　Front wheel: now it is electrically retrectable; it is also possible to build it fixed and with fairing, steering too. 前轮：现在是电动retrectable ;它也有可能建立它的固定和与整流罩，督导。
　　Landing gear: the stratified wood landing gear covered with epoxy glass (or epoxy carbon fiber) is much more aerodynamic. 起落架：分层木材起落架涵盖与环氧玻璃（或环氧碳纤维）是更为气动。
　　Seat: it is shaped for a more outstretched position, right for a glider. 席位：这是塑造一个更outstretched的立场，正确的滑翔机。 It is more confortable and also suitable for 6 feet tall persons (or little more).这是更confortable ，也适合6英尺高的人（或更小） 。
　　Instrument panel: it is more similar to a glider panel. 仪表板：这是更多类似的滑翔机小组。
　　Tail trim: it is electrical; the construcion is clearly drawn in the plans. 尾修剪：这是电动;施工，显然是在制定计划。
　　Aerodynamic brakes: the controls and the little squares have been improved and drawn in 1 to 1 scale. 气动刹车：管制和小广场，已改善，并制定在1到1的规模。
　　The best efficiency now is 20 and the normal cruise is about 63 MPH at 80% power with a 25HP engine.最好的效率，现在是20日和正常的邮轮是关于63英里每小时在80 ％的权力与25hp发动机。
　　The estimated building time is 1000 hours, the same of the Original Piuma.估计的建设时间是1000小时，同样的原piuma 。
　　

　　

　　

　　

　　Wing span 翼展
　　Total wing area 总机翼面积
　　Aspect ratio 长宽比
　　Dihedral 二面体
　　Total tailplane area 机尾总面积
　　Tail arm 尾臂
　　Length overall 总长度
　　Max height 最高高度
　　Empty weight 空重
　　Max take-off weight 采取最大起飞重量
　　Max wing loading 最大翼载荷
　　Recommended load factors (security coeff. 2) 建议负荷的因素（安全系数2 ）
　　Ultimate load factors 极限荷载因素
　　Max level speed 最高水平的速度
　　Normal cruising speed 正常巡航速度
　　Stalling speed 拖延的速度
　　Never exceed speed 不能超过速度
　　Best glide ratio (at 43 MPH) 最好的滑翔比（ 43英里）
　　Take-off 采取小康
　　Landing 登陆
　　Max climb rate at sea level 最大爬升率在海平面
　　Min sink rate (at 39 MPH) 闵汇率（ 39英里）
　　Engine 引擎
　　38,7 ft 38,7英尺
　　114 sq.ft 114平方呎
　　13 13
　　2° 2 °
　　15 sq.ft 15平方呎
　　10,8 ft 10,8英尺
　　19,7 ft 19,7英尺
　　5,3 ft 5,3英尺
　　330 lb 三三〇磅
　　530 lb 五百三十零磅
　　4,6 lb/sq.ft 4,6磅/坪
　　+ 3.5 - 1.9 + 3.5 -1 .9
　　+ 7 - 3.8 + 7 -3 .8
　　72 MPH 七二英里每小时
　　62 MPH 62英里每小时
　　35 MPH 35英里每小时
　　84 MPH 八四英里每小时
　　20 20
　　330 ft 三三○英尺
　　330 ft 三三○英尺
　　460 ft/min 四百六十○英尺/分钟
　　165 ft/min 165英尺/分钟
　　25 HP 25马力
　　

　　

　　

　　

　　

　　

　　

　　

　　

　　

　　

　　

　　

　　The Piuma Evolution construction plans are composed of 15 drawings with references in italian and english and a handbook in italian language (35 pages) or english (25 pages).该piuma演变建设计划组成的15图纸与参考在意大利语和英语和一本手册，在意大利语言（ 35页）或英语 （ 25页） 。 These books contain a lot of photos and little drawings and the all materials note.这些书籍包含了很多照片和小图纸和所有材料的说明。
　　Also the tail boom is available: diameter mm 127 - thickness mm 1,5 - lenght m 5,2.也尾部繁荣是：直径127毫米-厚度毫米1 ,5-长度5, 2米。
　　The material cost, without engine and instruments, is about 6000 euro, at the 2007 prices.材料成本，没有引擎和文书，是关于六○○○欧元，在2007年的价格。
　　The time of construction is about 1000 hours.的时间，建设约1000小时。

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　　This ultralight is the Piuma Evolution fast version. You can see the basic informations about the fuselage and the tail on the page of Piuma Evolution.
　　The only difference between the "fast version" and the Piuma evolution are the wing with less span and area and with two different profiles.
　　

　　

　　Changes in comparison with the Piuma Evolution are:
　　WING PROFILS:   NACA 4415 (for the rectangular wing area);   NACA 2R1-12 (for the tip - sweepback 3?)
　　WING AREA S:   change from 114,1 sq.ft into 99 sq.ft (wing loading = 5,5 lb/sq.ft)
　　WING SPAN:   change from 38,7 ft into 34,1 ft; the aspect ratio is 11,7
　　TAILPLANE BALANCING
　　CHANGE OF THE CONNECTION WING POINT FOR THE STRUT
　　SPAR THICKNESS INCREASE
　　MAX TAKE-OFF INCREASE TO 550 lbs 
　　The flying forecast performances are:
　　MAX LEVEL SPEED (WITH 35 HP ENGINE):
　　NORMAL CRUISING SPEED:
　　NEVER EXCEED SPEED:
　　STALLING SPEED:
　　MAX CLIMB RATE AT SEA LEVEL:
　　MIN SINK RATE (AT 42 MPH):
　　BEST GLIDE RATIO (47MPH):
　　93 MPH
　　84 MPH   (GLIDE RATIO = 10)
　　100 MPH
　　39 MPH
　　1000 ft/min
　　235 ft/min
　　17 
　　On request it is possible to build the Rotax 447 Tourer Piuma Version (max take-off weght 660 lbs).
　　

　　

　　

　　

　　

　　

　　The plans are the same 15 drawings of Piuma Evolution with one big drawing more showing:
　　The 9 ribs profiles.
　　The new wing design.
　　The new spar.
　　The tailplane balancing system.
　　The handbook of construction in italian (35 pages) or in english (25 pages) is also included.
　　The handbook shows a lot of photos, drawings and the notes of all the necessary materials.
　　Also the tail boom is available: diameter mm 127 - thickness mm 1,5 - lenght m 5,2.
　　The material cost, without engine and instruments, is about 6000 euro, at the 2007 prices.
　　The time of construction is about 1000 hours.

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　　The Piuma Twin Project was finished in 1998, and since August 2005 is available in fair copy.

　　The plans and the construction book in english are available since 1999 and a lot of construction are started in Italy, France, Germany, South Africa, USA and Brasil. In October 2005 only one Piuma APS is already flying in Italy.

　　The author prototype construction is moving forward slowly, beacause this is just a hobby for him. However, when some new photos are ready, they will be put in the gallery site.

　　

　　

　　A lot of friends asked me a two seat motorglider and also for me the wish of a two seat has grown during the last years; in the January 1998 the project and the drawings started.

　　I decided for a side-by-side one, with similar characteristics of the Tourer Piuma, with the same wings profiles; in other words I looked for a motorglider with the "Fournier philisophie" rather than a glider with the engine. Nevertheless I also planned a long wing version for the pilots that prefer soaring.

　　This wing is in the drawing n.21, enclosed in the plans; the efficiency increases to 20 in comparison with 18 of the normal version.

　　The "Fournier philosophie" allows a quite fast flying with a little engine, economical in the purchase and in the use; the 503 Rotax with 1 carburettor is enough for this motorglider.

　　The comfort is treated with due consideration, because this Piuma Twin is born for the tourism; the two seats cabin is cm 110 wide (about 43 inches) and the seats are very comfortable and padded.


　　

　　

　　

　　

　　


　　There are 2 rudder-bars and only one cloche in the middle of the 2 seats; the throttle, brake and aerodynamic brake levers are only on the left of the pilot, but it is not difficult to make the same for both the seats.

　　The pilotage position is similar to a comfortable car, with the cloche in place of the gear-lever and the rudeder-bars in place of the rudder-brakes.

　　The 22 drawings (three more in the 2007 version) are very detailed (the wing's ribs and the tail's ribs are in the 1-1 scale and the same for the metallic parts); then the construction is easy, if the drawings are carefully examined.

　　The construction book helps you to follow a logical order in the job and gives you a useful advice in the more complicate stages; the materials note is detailed and complete. There are also some advices for the instruments: the n.8 drawing show the instrument panel.

　　From the 2003 plans it is possible to build four versions of Piuma Twin:

　　Touring Version: 12,5 mt (41 feet) wing span; it is the more suitable for tourism.

　　Soaring Version: 13,8 mt (45 feet) wing span; the wings are a new project and new calculations: it is on the drawing n.21. The best L/D increased from 18 to 20, with a little less VNE and a little more empty weight.

　　A.P.S. Version (Author Personal Size): 13 mt (42' 7") wing span; the fuselage is 2 cm (3/4") less wide and the aft part is more tapering. The L/D is about 19.

　　Version 2007: it allows you to build your own Twin version according to your needs; more in detail, thanks to the three new drawings (23, 24 and 25), you can:

　　build a new wing with two exchangeable ending parts to achieve a wing span of 12,80 mt or 13,60 mt (max 14,00 mt); a new spar is needed. The best L/D is 20 for the shorter wing and 22 for the longer one.

　　cover the whole wing with ply-wood and glass (or carbon) fiber, getting a finitura close to the composito wings; the new VNE is 120 mph (190 km/h).

　　build new carbon winglets with high efficiency.

　　build new air-brakes, with a different location and a new movement mechanism.

　　build wing tanks, saving space in the fuselage for baggage and parachute.


　　

Wing Span Wing Area Lenght Height Empty Weight Gross Weight Fuel Capacity HP/HP Range VNE Top speed Cruise Stall Stall full flaps L/D Aspect ratio Min.Sink Rate Load factors max. Serv. Ceeling Bldg Material Bldg Time (man hours) Take-off distance Landing distance

41 ft. 125 sq.ft. 20.7 ft 5.9 ft 490 lbs. 910 lbs. 11 gal 50 115 mph. 100 mph. 92 mph. 43 mph. 34 mph. 18/1 13.5 240 ft/min. + 4   -1.2 12.000 ft. WF 1.200 400 ft. 400 ft.

12.5 mt 11.6 mq 6.3 mt 1.8 mt 220 kg 410 kg 40 lt 45/60 180 Km/h 160 Km/h 145 Km/h 69 Km/h 54 Km/h     1.2 mt/sec   3600 mt Legno/tela   120 mt 120 mt

 

N. 1 N. 2 N. 3 N. 4 N. 5 N. 6 N. 7 N. 8 N. 9 N.10 N.11 N.12 N.13 N.14 N.15 N.16 N.17 N.18 N.19 N.20 N.21 N.22

cm 60 x 80 cm 60 x 100 cm 60 x 90 cm 60 x 100 cm 60 x 90 cm 60 x 120 cm 60 x 65 cm 60 x 80 cm 60 x 125 cm 60 x 110 cm 60 x 120 cm 60 x 120 cm 60 x 100 cm 60 x 85 cm 60 x 90 cm 60 x 100 cm 60 x 100 cm 60 x 115 cm 60 x 120 cm 60 x 120 cm 60 x 90 cm 60 x 60

TRIPTYCH FUSELAGE FUSELAGE FUSELAGE FUSELAGE FUSELAGE FUSELAGE FUSELAGE WING WING WING WING WING WING ELEVATOR ELEVATOR FIN AND RUDDER FIN AND RUDDER FIN AND RUDDER FIN AND RUDDER WING FOR SOARING A.P.S. VERSION

GENERAL PLAN OF THE MOTORGLIDER FROM HIGH AND FROM SIDE VIEW - FRAMES 7 AND 10 FRAMES N. 1 ? 2 ? 3 ? 4 ? 5 ? 6 ? 8 ? 9 LANDING GEAR - THROTTLE, AIR BRAKES, BRAKES LEVERS CLOCHE; AILERONS AND TAIS LEVERS FRAME N. 7 - FLAPS - MECHANISM TO FOLD UP THE WINGS FORWARD LANDING GEAR AND RUDDER-BARS FRAME 3-UP AND 6-UP - INSTRUMENTS PANEL - CANOPIE HINGES GENERAL PLAN - SPARS - RIBS - FLAPS LEVER IN THE WINGS FLAPS AND AILERONS - MECHANISM TO SET IN ACTION RIBS FROM 1 TO 11 - LITTLE BACH SPAR - FLAPS HINGE AND PROFILE FLAPS RIBS 12 - 13 -14 ? COUNTERBALANCE FOR THE AILERONS RIBS N. 15 ? 16 ? 17 ? 18 ? COUNTERBALACE FOR THE AILERONS RIBS N. 19 ? 20 ? 21 ? WINGLETS GENERAL PLAN - SPARS - ELEVATOR RIBS N. 1 ? TRIM RIBS N. 2 ? 3 ? 4 ? 5 ? 6 ? HINGES - MECHANISM TO SET IN ACTION GENERAL PLAN - HIGHTER PART WITH HINGES RIBS 18-UP AND 18-DOWN ? MECHNISM TO SET IN ACTION THE ELEVATOR (LEVER) LITTLE BACK GEAR - RUDDER DOWN HINGE - CORNER - RUDDER RIBS N. 24 AND 24-UP RUDDER RIBS N. 19 ? 20 ? 21 ? 22 ? 23 RIBS N. 22 ? 23 ? GENERAL PLAN ? SPARS - ETC A.P.S. CHANGES; NEW AILERONS MECHANISM

　　


　　The Piuma Twin construction plans are composed of 22 drawings (3 more for 2007 version) with references in italian and english and a 38 pages handbook in english. This book contains a lot of information and gives useful advices during the construction; there is also a detailed and complete material note.

　　The tail boom in Aluminium 6005-T16 is also available: diameter mm 127 - thickness mm 1,5 - lenght m 5,2.

　　To make the Twin you need mt 5,2 and mt 2,6 more.

　　The wing profiles are the same of the Tourer Piuma.

　　The material cost, without engine and instruments, is about 8000 euro, at the 2007 prices.

　　The time of construction is about 1200 hours.

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